Diabetics

Definition

Diabetics is a disorder of the metabolism causing excessive thirst and the production of large amounts of urine.








          




            




Symptoms

Increased thirst Diabetes symptoms vary depending on how much your blood sugar is elevated. Some people, especially those with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, may not experience symptoms initially. In type 1 diabetes, symptoms tend to come on quickly and be more severe. Some of the signs and symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes include:
Frequent urination
Extreme hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Presence of ketones in the urine (ketones are a byproduct of the breakdown of muscle and fat that happens when there's not enough insulin)
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Slow-healing sores
High blood pressure
Frequent infections, such as gums or skin infections and vaginal or bladder infections
Causes
The pancreas secretes insulin into the bloodstream.
The insulin circulates, enabling sugar to enter your cells.
Insulin lowers the amount of sugar in your bloodstream.
As your blood sugar level drops, so does the secretion of insulin from your pancreas.



The role of glucose

Glucose — a sugar — is a main source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and other tissues.
Glucose comes from two major sources: food and your liver.
Sugar is absorbed into the bloodstream, where it enters cells with the help of insulin.
Your liver stores and makes glucose.
When your insulin levels are low, such as when you haven't eaten in a while, the liver metabolizes stored glycogen into glucose to keep your glucose level within a normal range.

Causes of type 1 diabetes


In type 1 diabetes, your immune system — which normally fights harmful bacteria or viruses — attacks and destroys your insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This leaves you with little or no insulin. Instead of being transported into your cells, sugar builds up in your bloodstream. Type 1 is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, though exactly what many of those factors are is still unclear.

Causes of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes


In prediabetes — which can lead to type 2 diabetes — and in type 2 diabetes, your cells become resistant to the action of insulin, and your pancreas is unable to make enough insulin to overcome this resistance. Instead of moving into your cells where it's needed for energy, sugar builds up in your bloodstream. Exactly why this happens is uncertain, although as in type 1 diabetes, it's believed that genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of type 2. Being overweight is strongly linked to the development of type 2 diabetes, but not everyone with type 2 is overweight.

Constipation

Definition

Chronic constipation is infrequent bowel movements or difficult passage of stools that persists for several weeks or longer.

Constipation is generally described as having fewer than three bowel movements a week.

Though occasional constipation is very common, some people experience chronic constipationthat can interfere with their ability to go about their daily tasks. Chronic constipation may also cause excessive straining to have a bowel movement and other signs and symptoms.

Treatment for chronic constipation depends on the underlying cause. Though, in some cases, a cause for chronic constipation is never found.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of chronic constipation include:

• Passing fewer than three stools a week
• Having lumpy or hard stools
• Straining to have bowel movements
• Feeling as though there's a blockage in your rectum that prevents bowel movements
• Feeling as though you can't completely empty the stool from your rectum
• Needing help to empty your rectum, such as using your hands to press on your abdomen and using a finger to remove stool from your rectum

Constipation may be considered chronic if you've experienced two or more of these symptoms for the last three months.

When to see a doctor

Make an appointment with your doctor if you experience unexplained and persistent changes in your bowel habits.

Causes

Constipation most commonly occurs when waste or stool moves too slowly through the digestive tract, causing it to become hard and dry. Chronic constipation has many causes:

Blockages in the colon or rectum

Blockages in the colon or rectum may slow or stop stool movement. Causes include:

• Anal fissure
• Bowel obstruction
• Colon cancer
• Narrowing of the colon (bowel stricture)
• Other abdominal cancer that presses on the colon
• Rectal cancer
• Rectocele

Problems with the nerves around the colon and rectum

Neurological problems can affect the nerves that cause muscles in the colon and rectum to contract and move stool through the intestines. Causes include:

• Autonomic neuropathy
• Multiple sclerosis
• Parkinson's disease
• Spinal cord injury
• Stroke

Difficulty with the muscles involved in elimination

Problems with the pelvic muscles involved in having a bowel movement may cause chronic constipation. These problems may include:

• Inability to relax the pelvic muscles to allow for a bowel movement (anismus)
• Pelvic muscles don't coordinate relaxation and contraction correctly (dyssynergia)
• Weakened pelvic muscles

Conditions that affect hormones in the body

Hormones help balance fluids in your body. Diseases and conditions that upset the balance of hormones may lead to constipation, including:

• Diabetes
• Overactive parathyroid gland (hyperparathyroidism)
• Pregnancy
• Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)

Risk Factors

Factors that may increase your risk of chronic constipationinclude:

• Being an older adult
• Being a woman
• Being dehydrated
• Eating a diet that's low in fiber
• Getting little or no physical activity
• Taking certain medications, including sedatives, narcotics or certain medications to lower blood pressure

Complications

Complications of chronic constipation include:

• Swollen veins in your anus (hemorrhoids).Straining to have a bowel movement may cause swelling in the veins in and around your anus.
• Torn skin in your anus (anal fissure). A large or hard stool can cause tiny tears in the anus.
• Stool that can't be expelled (fecal impaction). Chronic constipation may cause an accumulation of hardened stool that gets stuck in your intestines.
• Intestine that protrudes from the anus (rectal prolapse).Straining to have a bowel movement can cause a small amount of the rectum to stretch and protrude from the anus.

Test and diagnosis

Tests and procedures used to diagnose chronic constipationinclude:

• Examination of the rectum and lower, or sigmoid, colon (sigmoidoscopy). In this procedure, your doctor inserts a lighted, flexible tube into your anus to examine your rectum and the lower portion of your colon.
• Examination of the rectum and entire colon (colonoscopy). This diagnostic procedure allows your doctor to examine the entire colon with a flexible, camera-equipped tube.
• Evaluation of anal sphincter muscle function (anorectal manometry). In this procedure, your doctor inserts a narrow, flexible tube into your anus and rectum and then inflates a small balloon at the tip of the tube. The device is then pulled back through the sphincter muscle. This procedure allows your doctor to measure the coordination of the muscles you use to move your bowels.
• Evaluation of how well food moves through the colon (colonic transit study). In this procedure, you'll swallow a capsule containing markers that show up on X-rays taken over several days. Your doctor will look for signs of intestinal muscle dysfunction and how well food moves through your colon.
• An X-ray of the rectum during defecation (defecography).During this procedure, your doctor inserts a soft paste made of barium into your rectum. You then pass the barium paste as you would stool. The barium shows up on X-rays and may reveal a prolapse or problems with muscle function and muscle coordination.

Allergy

Allergy is a damaging immune response by the body to a substance, especially a particular food, pollen, fur, or dust, to which it has become hypersensitive.


Mold Allergy



Skin Allergy




Wheat Alergy

Cosmetic Allergy

                                  






Symptoms
Hay fever, also called allergic rhinitis, may cause:
Congestion
Itchy, runny nose
Itchy, watery or swollen eyes (conjunctivitis)


Atopic dermatitis, an allergic skin condition also called eczema, may cause:
Itchy skin
Red skin
Flaking or peeling skin


A food allergy may cause:
Tingling mouth
Swelling of the lips, tongue, face or throat
Hives
Anaphylaxis


An insect sting allergy may cause:
A large area of swelling (edema) at the sting site
Itching or hives all over your body
Cough, chest tightness, wheezing or shortness of breath
Anaphylaxis


A drug allergy may cause:
Hives
Itchy skin
Rash
Facial swelling
Wheezing
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis


Some types of allergies, including allergies to foods and insect stings, have the potential to trigger a severe reaction known as anaphylaxis. A life-threatening medical emergency, this reaction can cause you to go into shock. Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis include:
Loss of consciousness
Lightheadedness
Severe shortness of breath
A rapid, weak pulse
Skin rash
Nausea and vomiting
Swelling airways, which can block breathing


Types of Allergies


Allergies exist in many different forms. Find out more about the allergy you suffer from:
Cockroach Allergy
Drug Allergies
Dust Allergy
Eye Allergies
Food Allergies (nuts,fish,soy,egg,wheat,casein,sulfite,red meat,shellfish etc)
Insect Sting Allergies
Latex Allergy
Mold Allergy
Pet Allergies
Rhinitis
Sinusitis
Skin Allergies
Seasonal Allergies (spring,summer,fall,winter)
Pollen Allergy
Sun reaction
Cosmetic Allergy
Chemical Allergy

Migraine

Definition

A migraine headache can cause intense throbbing or a pulsing sensation in one area of the head and is commonly accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound.


Migraine attacks can cause significant pain for hours to days and be so severe that all you can think about is finding a dark, quiet place to lie down.

                     

Symptoms

Constipation
Depression
Food cravings
Hyperactivity
Irritability
Neck stiffness
Uncontrollable yawning Attack
Pain on one side or both sides of your head
Pain that has a pulsating, throbbing quality
Sensitivity to light, sounds and sometimes smells
Nausea and vomiting
Blurred vision
Lightheadedness, sometimes followed by fainting See your doctor immediately or go to the emergency room if









An abrupt, severe headache like a thunderclap
Headache with fever, stiff neck, mental confusion, seizures, double vision, weakness, numbness or trouble speaking
Headache after a head injury, especially if the headache gets worse
A chronic headache that is worse after coughing, exertion, straining or a sudden movement
New headache pain if you're older than 50 Causes



Causes



Hormonal changes in women
Foods
Food additives
Drinks Alcohol, especially wine, and highly caffeinated beverages may trigger migraines.
Stress
Physical factors
Changes in wake-sleep pattern
Changes in the environment
Medications


For more information contact

0333-5104017

www.facebook.com/drsherazi110


   

Slip Disc

A slipped disc (also known as a herniated disc) is a type of injury to the spinal column. It occurs when the cartilage in between your vertebrae bulges out from the spinal column. This bulge can come into contact with nerves in the area which can cause pain.







Signs and symptoms

Symptoms of a herniated disc can vary depending on the location of the herniation and the types of soft tissue that become involved. They can range from little or no pain if the disc is the only tissue injured, to severe and unrelenting neck or lower back pain that will radiate into the regions served by affected nerve roots that are irritated or impinged by the herniated material.


Causes

Disc herniations can result from general wear and tear, such as when performing jobs that require constant sitting and squatting or driving (sedentary lifestyle). However, herniations often result from jobs that require lifting.[citation needed] Minor back pain and chronic back tiredness are indicators of general wear and tear that make one susceptible to herniation on the occurrence of a traumatic event, such as bending to pick up a pencil or falling.





Physical examination


The Straight leg raise may be positive, as this finding has low specificity; however, it has high sensitivity. Thus the finding of a negative SLR sign is important in helping to "rule out" the possibility of a lower lumbar disc herniation. A variation is to lift the leg while the patient is sitting. However, this reduces the sensitivity of the test.
Imaging
X-ray: Although traditional plain X-rays are limited in their ability to image soft tissues such as discs, muscles, and nerves, they are still used to confirm or exclude other possibilities such as tumors, infections, fractures, etc. In spite of these limitations, X-ray can still play a relatively inexpensive role in confirming the suspicion of the presence of a herniated disc. If a suspicion is thus strengthened, other methods may be used to provide final confirmation.
Computed tomography scan (CT or CAT scan): A diagnostic image created after a computer reads x-rays. It can show the shape and size of the spinal canal, its contents, and the structures around it, including soft tissues. However, visual confirmation of a disc herniation can be difficult with a CT.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): A diagnostic test that produces three-dimensional images of body structures using powerful magnets and computer technology. It can show the spinal cord, nerve roots, and surrounding areas, as well as enlargement, degeneration, and tumors. It shows soft tissues even better than CAT scans. An MRI performed with a high magnetic field strength usually provides the most conclusive evidence for diagnosis of a disc herniation. T2-weighted images allow for clear visualization of protruded disc material in the spinal canal.
Myelogram: An x-ray of the spinal canal following injection of a contrast material into the surrounding cerebrospinal fluid spaces. By revealing displacement of the contrast material, it can show the presence of structures that can cause pressure on the spinal cord or nerves, such as herniated discs, tumors, or bone spurs. Because it involves the injection of foreign substances, MRI scans are now preferred for most patients. Myelograms still provide excellent outlines of space-occupying lesions, especially when combined with CT scanning (CT myelography).
Electromyogram and Nerve conduction studies (EMG/NCS): These tests measure the electrical impulse along nerve roots, peripheral nerves, and muscle tissue. This will indicate whether there is ongoing nerve damage, if the nerves are in a state of healing from a past injury, or whether there is another site of nerve compression. EMG/NCS studies are typically used to pinpoint the sources of nerve dysfunction distal to the spine.
The presence and severity of myelopathy can be evaluated by means of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), a neurophysiological method that allows the measurement of the time required for a neural impulse to cross the pyramidal tracts, starting from the cerebral cortex and ending at the anterior horn cells of the cervical, thoracic or lumbar spinal cord. This measurement is called Central Conduction Time (CCT). TMS can aid physicians to:
determine whether myelopathy exists
identify the level of the spinal cord where myelopathy is located. This is especially useful in cases where more that two lesions may be responsible for the clinical symptoms and signs, such as in patients with two or more cervical disc hernias.
follow-up the progression of myelopathy in time, for example before and after cervical spine surgery
TMS can also help in the differential diagnosis of different causes of pyramidal tract damage.



For more information contact

0333-5104017

www.facebook.com/drsherazi110

Backache

Backache is a pain in the lower back. Back pain is pain felt in the back that usually originates from the muscles, nerves, bones, joints or other structures in the spine.



The spine is a complex interconnecting network of nerves, joints, muscles, tendons and ligaments, all of which are capable of producing pain.




Causes


There are several potential sources and causes of back pain.However, the diagnosis of specific tissues of the spine as the cause of pain presents problems. This is because symptoms arising from different spinal tissues can feel very similar and is difficult to differentiate without the use of invasive diagnostic intervention procedures, such as localanesthetic blocks.


Diagnosis


In most cases of low back pain medical consensus advises not seeking an exact diagnosis but instead beginning to treat the pain. This assumes that there is no reason to expect that the person has an underlying problem. In most cases, the pain goes away naturally after a few weeks. Typical people who do seek diagnosis through imaging are not likely to have a better outcome than those who wait for the condition to resolve.In cases in which the back pain has a persistent underlying cause, such as a specific disease or spinal abnormality, then it is necessary for the physician to differentiate the source of the pain and advise specific courses of treatment.
Pain
Heat therapy is useful for back spasms or other conditions. A meta-analysis of studies by the Cochrane Collaboration concluded that heat therapy can reduce symptoms of acute and sub-acute low-back pain. Some patients find that moist heat works best (e.g. a hot bath or whirlpool) or continuous low-level heat (e.g. a heat wrap that stays warm for 4 to 6 hours). Cold compression therapy (e.g. ice or cold pack application) may be effective at relieving back pain in some cases.
Use of medications in chronic back pain is controversial. The short term use of muscle relaxants is effective in the relief of acute back pain.Opioids have not been shown to be better than placebo for chronic back pain when the risks and benefits are considered.[26] Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs/NSAIAs)have been shown to be more effective than placebo, and are usually more effective than paracetamol (acetaminophen). There is insufficient clinical trials to determine if injection therapy, usually with corticosteroids, helps in cases of low back pain.
Back schools appear to improve pain as compared to standard treatments.
Massage may help for those who have had a relatively long period of low back pain.
Acupressure or pressure point massage may be more beneficial than classic (Swedish) massage.


Depending on the particular cause of the condition, posture training courses and physical exercises might help with relieving the pain.
Exercises can be an effective approach to reducing pain, but should be done under supervision of a licensed health professional. Generally, some form of consistent stretching and exercise is believed to be an essential component of most back treatment programs. However, one study found that exercise is also effective for chronic back pain, but not for acute pain. Another study found that back-mobilizing exercises in acute settings are less effective than continuation of ordinary activities as tolerated.
Studies of manipulation suggest that this approach has a benefit similar to other therapies and superior to placebo.
Acupuncture has some proven benefit for back pain, however, a recent randomized controlled trial suggested insignificant difference between real and sham acupuncture.
Education, and attitude adjustment to focus on psychological or emotional causes - respondent-cognitive therapy and progressive relaxation therapy can reduce chronic pain


                                                        

For more information contact

0333-5104017

www.facebook.com/drsherazi110

Sciatica

Sciatica is a pain affecting the back, hip, and outer side of the leg, caused by compression of a spinal nerve root in the lower back, often owing to degeneration of an intervertebral disc.













Cause[edit]
Spinal disc herniation


Spinal disc herniation pressing on one of the lumbar or sacral nerve roots is the primary cause of sciatica, being present in about 90% of cases.[5]


Sciatica caused by pressure from a disc herniation and swelling of surrounding tissue can spontaneously subside if the tear in the disc heals and the pulposus extrusion and inflammation cease.
Spinal stenosis


Other compressive spinal causes include lumbar spinal stenosis, a condition in which the spinal canal (the spaces the spinal cord runs through) narrows and compresses the spinal cord, cauda equina, or sciatic nerve roots. This narrowing can be caused by bone spurs, spondylolisthesis, inflammation, or herniated disc, which decreases available space for the spinal cord, thus pinching and irritating nerves from the spinal cord that travel to the sciatic nerves.
Piriformis syndrome


Piriformis syndrome is a controversial condition that, depending on the analysis, varies from a "very rare" cause to contributing to up to 8% of low back or buttock pain.[7] In 15% of the population, the sciatic nerve runs through, or under the piriformis muscle rather than beneath it. When the muscle shortens or spasms due to trauma or overuse, it's posited that this causes compression of the sciatic nerve.[7] It has colloquially been referred to as "wallet sciatica" since a wallet carried in a rear hip pocket compresses the buttock muscles and sciatic nerve when the bearer sits down. Piriformis syndrome cause sciatica when the nerve root is normal.[8][9]
Pregnancy


Sciatica may also occur during pregnancy as a result of the weight of the fetus pressing on the sciatic nerve during sitting or during leg spasms. While most cases do not directly harm the fetus or the mother, indirect harm may come from the numbing effect on the legs, which can cause loss of balance and falling. There is no standard treatment for pregnancy induced sciatica.[10]
Other


Sciatica can also be caused by tumours impinging on the spinal cord or the nerve roots.[5] Severe back pain extending to the hips and feet, loss of bladder or bowel control, or muscle weakness may result from spinal tumours or cauda equina syndrome. Trauma to the spine, such as from a car accident, may also lead to sciatica




Diagnosis


Sciatica is typically diagnosed by physical examination, and the history of the symptoms.[5] Generally if a person reports the typical radiating pain in one leg as well as one or more neurological indications of nerve root tension or neurological deficit, sciatica can be diagnosed.[11]


The most applied diagnostic test is the straight leg raise to produce Lasègue's sign, which is considered positive if pain in the distribution of the sciatic nerve is reproduced with between 30 and 70 degrees passive flexion of the straight leg.[12] While this test is positive in about 90% of people with sciatica, approximately 75% of people with a positive test do not have sciatica.[5]


Imaging tests such as computerised tomography or magnetic resonance imaging can help with the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation.[13] The utility of MR neurography in the diagnoses of piriformis syndrome is controversial.[7]
Management


When the cause of sciatica is lumbar disc herniation, most cases resolve spontaneously over weeks to months.[14] Initially treatment in the first 6–8 weeks should be conservative.[5] There does not appear to be a significant difference in outcomes between advice to stay active and recommendations of bed rest.[15] Similarly, physical therapy (exercises) has not been found better than bed rest.[16]
Surgery


Surgery for unilateral sciatica involves the removal of part of the disc, known as a discectomy. While it results in short term benefits, long term benefits appear equivalent to conservative care.[5][20] Treatment of the underlying cause of the compression is needed in cases of epidural abscess, epidural tumors, and cauda equina syndrome.






Sciatica pain relief


























   

For more information contact

0333-5104017

www.facebook.com/drsherazi110

ARTHRITIS

What Is Arthritis

A disease causing painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints.

Causes
Your genetic makeup
A physically demanding job, especially one with repetitive movements
A previous injury
Some infections or allergic reactions may cause short-term arthritis. When it is caused by an infection it is known as "reactive arthritis"
For a number of people certain foods can either bring on arthritis symptoms, or make existing ones worse
Obesity, which places extra strain on joints.
Arthritis may also be caused by autoimmune disease.

Type of Arthritis




Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Infectious arthritis (septic arthritic)
Psoriatic arthritis

In this disease there is no need of any surgery it can be cure with medication.




Change Your Diet, Ease Your Pain
Omega 3 Fats
Broccoli
Vitamin D
Olive oil
Ginger
Vitamin C
Anthocyanins
Beta-cryptoxanthin

GET RID OF ACNE !!!

Aloe Vera

USE ALOE VERA
The sap of the aloe vera plant is a soothing natural substance which can be used to relieve many ailments, from burns to wounds to acne scars. Aloe vera helps to rejuvenate and moisturize the skin, encouraging acne scars to fade. It is possible to buy aloe vera products in the drug store, but the best thing to do is buy an aloe vera plant and use the sap from a broken leaf. This gel-like sap can be applied directly on the scarring, and there is no need to wash off.
For a more intense scar treatment, you can mix a drop or two of tea tree oil (which promotes clear skin) into the aloe vera gel before applying.

Tip to remove Wrinkles:

This is a perfect beauty tip for skin without any side effects because it’s homemade. Take 1 tsp gram flour (besan), 2 tsp honey, 2 tsp glycerin and 3 tsp cream (bakery cream). Mix well all these things in a bowl and apply the paste on your face and neck as well for 15 minutes. Then wash it off with water. This skin care tip helps you to remove wrinkles on your skin.

Bipolar Disorder (DEPRESSION)

Bipolar disorder is a mental condition marked by alternating periods of elation and depression. Bipolar disorder formerly called manic depression. Manic depression is a mental illness that brings severe high and low moods and changes in sleep, energy, thinking, and behavior.

1. During depressive periods ("the Highs"), a person with bipolar disorder may have:

Excessive happiness, hopefulness, and excitement
Sudden changes from being joyful to being irritable, angry, and hostile
Restlessness
Rapid speech and poor concentration
Increased energy and less need for sleep
Showing poor judgment
Drug and alcohol abuse
Becoming more impulsive
2. During depressive periods ("the lows"), a person with bipolar disorder may have:
Sadness
Loss of energy
Feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness
Not enjoying things they once liked
Trouble concentrating
Uncontrollable crying

PSORIASIS

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease characterized by red patches on the skin, often accompanied by silvery-white scales of dead skin cells. It is not contagious.

Psoriasis is believed to be an autoimmune disease, meaning the body’s defense system attacks healthy cells in the body. This creates skin cells that mature and die in less than a week, which is extremely rapid considering normal skill cells mature and replace dead ones usually in a month’s time.

The buildup of dead cells on the skin’s surface is called plaque. While these can occur anywhere on the body, they are more common in the following areas:

• hands
• elbows
• legs
• back
• chest
• fingernails
• toenails
• scalp
• folds in the buttocks and groin 
  
  
  
  
•